Category Archives: Drugs

What is Tamoxifen? Tamoxifen is an orally administered medication which is one of the most important drugs used in the treatment of breast cancer around the world. Because of its importance, and the prevalence of breast cancer around the globe, Tamoxifen is included in the WHO's List of Essential Medicines, those which are considered absolutely necessary to provide primary care to patients. How Does Tamoxifen Work? Tamoxifen is a medication which limits the activity of Estrogen in the breast tissue. When Tamoxifen is taken, it is broken down into a compound known as 4-hydroxytamoxifen, which then travels through the body producing effects dependent upon where it is. Tamoxifen is considered most valuable because of its effect on breast tissue, but it also impacts processes in other areas of the body, such as the endometrium. In this area of the body, Tamoxifen encourages Estrogenic activity, whereas in the breast tissue it significantly reduces the effects of Estrogen upon breast tissue. Because Tamoxifen impacts Estrogen activity differently depending upon the area of the body, it is referred to as a Selective Estrogen-Receptor Molecule. It is highly effective at treating breast cancer, and the primary form of Hormone Therapy for female patients with … Read more »

What is Escitalopram? Escitalopram is a commonly prescribed antidepressant that also goes by many other brand names, including Cipralex and Lexapro. Escitalopram belongs to a class of antidepressant medications known as Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) and is FDA approved for the treatment of Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Major Depressive Disorder, both conditions which are most often associated with abnormally low levels of Serotonin in the bloodstream. SSRIs like Escitalopram prevent Serotonin from being reabsorbed as quickly, allowing them to remain active in the space between neurons for a more extended period. This medication is approved for patients twelve years of age or older. Escitalopram and Citalopram Escitalopram (Lexapro) is a stereoisomer of another medication known as citalopram (Celexa), meaning that the molecular configuration of the two compounds are identical, except they are mirror images of one another. Escitalopram is known as an S-Stereoisomer, which just references its configuration from a standardized position. Pharmaceutical Uses of Escitalopram (Lexapro) In the United States, Escitalopram (Lexapro) is approved for Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Major Depressive Disorder. In Europe, Escitalopram has a broader range of approved uses, including panic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, social anxiety disorder, as well as Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Major … Read more »

Escitalopram (Lexapro / Cipralex) What is Escitalopram? Escitalopram is a commonly prescribed antidepressant that also goes by a number of other brand names, including Cipralex and Lexapro. Escitalopram belongs to a class of antidepressant medications known as Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) and is FDA approved for the treatment of Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Major Depressive Disorder, both conditions which are most often associated with abnormally low levels of Serotonin in the bloodstream. SSRIs like Escitalopram prevent Serotonin from being reabsorbed as quickly, allowing them to remain active in the space between neurons for a more extended period. This medication is approved for patients twelve years of age or older. Escitalopram and Citalopram Escitalopram (Lexapro) is a stereoisomer of another medication known as citalopram (Celexa), meaning that the molecular configuration of the two compounds are identical, except they are mirror images of one another. Escitalopram is known as an S-Steroisomer, which references its shape from a standardized position. Pharmaceutical Uses of Escitalopram (Lexapro) In the United States, Escitalopram (Lexapro) is approved for Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Major Depressive Disorder. In Europe, Escitalopram has a broader range of approved uses, including panic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, social anxiety disorder, as well as … Read more »

What is Tadalafil? Tadalafil belongs to a class of medications known as phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors, or simply PDE5s. Sildenafil belongs to this pharmaceutical class as well. Most patients know these two drugs as Cialis (Tadalafil) and Viagra (Sildenafil). Tadalafil is primarily used as an Erectile Dysfunction medication, but can also be used to treat Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension, a condition in which the arteries which carry blood from the heart to the lungs are excessively constricted, causing blood to flow through the region at an abnormally high pressure. When Tadalafil is prescribed as an Erectile Dysfunction treatment is it usually referred to as Cialis, but it is marketed as Adcirca as a hypertension medication. As of 2011, Tadalafil earned FDA approval for the treatment of a condition known as Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia, a condition in which the prostate grows larger, but not due to cancer or malignancy. In this case, Tadalafil is specifically prescribed to patients that simultaneously experience both Erectile Dysfunction and Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia simultaneously. Tadalafil was initially invented by a small biotech company which was based in Washington, known as Icos Corporation, in partnership with Glaxo Wellcome. Eventually, Icos Corporation entered a collaboration with Eli Lilly and … Read more »

Tamoxifen Citrate What is Tamoxifen? Tamoxifen is an orally administered medication which is one of the most important medications used in the treatment of breast cancer around the world. Because of its importance, and the prevalence of breast cancer around the globe, Tamoxifen is included in the WHO's List of Essential Medicines, those which are considered absolutely necessary to provide basic care to patients. How Does Tamoxifen Work? Tamoxifen is a medication which limits the activity of Estrogen in the breast tissue. When Tamoxifen is taken, it is broken down into a compound known as 4-hydroxytamoxifen, which then travels through the body producing effects dependent upon where it is. Tamoxifen is considered most valuable because of its effect on breast tissue, but it also impacts processes in other areas of the body, such as the endometrium. In this area of the body, Tamoxifen actually encourages Estrogenic activity, whereas in the breast tissue it significantly reduces the effects of Estrogen upon breast tissue. Because Tamoxifen impacts Estrogen activity differently dependent upon the area of the body, it is referred to as a Selective Estrogen-Receptor Molecule. It is highly effective at treating breast cancer, and the primary form of Hormone Therapy for … Read more »

What is Vardenafil? Vardenafil is one of the three primary Erectile Dysfunction medications available in the United States, and is sold under the brand name Levitra in the United States. In Italy, the product is known as Vivanza, and in India, it is known as Staxyn. How Does Vardenafil Work? Like its cousins, Sildenafil (Viagra) and Tadalafil (Cialis), Vardenafil is what is known as a PDE5 Inhibitor. PDE5 Inhibitors increase blood flow to the penis by encouraging the relaxation of muscles within the organ which restrict blood flow, which leads to erection. What Causes an Erection? To put it simply, an erection occurs when blood flow is encouraged to the penis and blood outflow is restricted, producing a ballooning effect which leads directly to erection. Blood vessels leading to the penis, in the Corpus Cavernosum, dilate, which leads blood to enter the penis more quickly, and veins which draw blood away from the penis undergo vasoconstriction. In order for this process to take place, a man must experience stimulation which promotes the erection. When a man experiences stimulation, it encourages the manufacture of nitric oxide by the organ, which then dissipates out through the penis. Nitric oxide is a powerful … Read more »

Article by Dr. White, Audio by Professor J.K. The Best Testosterone Cypionate for Hypogonadism Treatment Testosterone Cypionate is one of the many forms of Bio-Identical Testosterone Replacement Therapy available in the United States and it is considered one of the best. In particular, Testosterone Cypionate is a form of Injectable Testosterone Therapy. As the majority of Testosterone Injections, Testosterone Cypionate is delivered intramuscularly (IM injections), where it is slowly absorbed by the human body. Can low Testosterone cause anxiety and depression? One of the most important clinical discoveries about low Testosterone replacement is that it can help fight depression and improve mood. Patients who have used this androgen drug have described it as one of the best for alleviating anxiety and depression in low T men. Among Injectable Testosterone formulations, Testosterone Cypionate remains active for an extensive period of time, making it a popular choice for individuals interested in experiencing the benefits of Injectable Testosterone Treatment. Other types of Testosterone include Enanthate and Propionate, these have a shorter half life, which means they stay in the body for a shorter period of time. Testosterone Cypionate is an Esterized Hormone Therapy, meaning that Bio-Identical Testosterone, which is identical to that made … Read more »